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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260520T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260520T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20260316T150203Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260316T150203Z
UID:10000536-1779278400-1779282000@nala.org
SUMMARY:Wage and Hour Issues
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\nOUTLINE AND DISCUSSION POINTS FOR PRESENTATION\nPoints under the Fair Labor Standards Act:\n• Many employees are misclassified and deemed exempt by their employer. An exempt individual is not entitled to many wage and hour protections\, most importantly overtime wages. If an employee is not exempt\, they are covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act and must receive time and a half for all hours worked over 40 hours per week.\no It is important to note that this applies to all hours worked (vacation time will not count)\nSupervisory Employees\nOne place we see this most is when employees are classified as supervisory employees. Employers argue that supervisory employees are not entitled to wage and hour benefits. However\, employees can be misclassified in instances where they may have a manager title but actually perform no managerial duties. Exempt supervisory employees must pass both the salary and duties test to be considered exempt. As of January\, the new annual salary threshold for exempt positions is $58\,656.\nThe duties test is used to determine whether employees who earn at least the salary threshold are exempt. It focuses on employees in the following categories (1) executive (2) administrative (3) professional (4) computer and (5) outside sales.\n1. Executive Employees: The executive employee exemption states that an employee’s primary job duty must be managing the company\, the employee must regularly direct the work of 2 or more full time employees\, and the employee must have the authority to hire/fire.\n2. Administrative Employees: For the administrative employee exemption\, the employee’s primary job duty must be office/non-manual work and the employee’s primary responsibilities must include exercising discretion and independent judgment regarding significant matters. The administrative employee exception is the most litigated because the facts are most unclear. They usually turn on the independent judgment factor.\n3. Professional Employees: The professional employee exemption is broken into two sub-parts: learned professionals and creative professions. For learned professionals\, the employee’s primary job duty must involve work requiring advanced knowledge and the advanced knowledge must be acquired through prolonged intellectual instruction. For creative professionals\, the employees’ primary job duty must involve work requiring the imagination\, invention\, originality\, or talent in a recognized artistic or creative field.\n4. Computer employees: The computer employee exemption requires that the employee work as a skilled professional in the computer field and that the employee must perform the primary duties outlined in the FLSA including tasks related to analysis\, design\, development\, documentation\, creation\, and testing of computer systems/programs. \n5. Outside Sales Employees: Lastly\, the outside sales employee exemption states that the employee’s primary job duty must be making sales\, securing orders\, or contracts for services or use of facilities and the employee must customarily and regularly work away from the employer’s place of business.\nIndependent Contractor vs. Employee\nAnother place that we commonly see wage and hour violations is when an person was misclassified as an independent contractor when really\, they should have been classified as an employee. If someone is classified as an independent contractor\, they will not receive certain wage and hour benefits such as overtime compensation. However\, it is very common for employers to misclassify people as independent contractors\, when they are really employees\, to avoid complying with wage and hour laws.\nCourts look at a variety of factors when ruling on whether someone is an independent contractor vs. an employee. These factors include (will go into depth on each):\n1. Opportunity for profit or loss depending on managerial skill\n2. Investments by the worker and the potential employer\n3. Degree of permanence of the work relationship\n4. Nature and degree of control\n5. Extent to which the work performed is an integral part of the potential employer’s business\n6. Skill and initiative. \nImportant things to look out for/be aware of:\n• Healthcare Benefits\no Other important things to look for are complaints of individuals not receiving the healthcare benefits that were promised by their employers.\no In Pennsylvania\, healthcare is considered wages and failing to provide it could arise to a wage and hour violation. Further\, another red flag to look out for is when an employee is paid hourly yet their employer is telling them they are not entitled to overtime pay.\n• Non-retaliation sections of the law\no Both the Pennsylvania Wage Payment and Collection Law as well as the FLSA have anti-retaliation provisions. If an employee complains about not being paid\, they cannot be retaliated against. Same goes for employees who file lawsuits under the wage and hour laws but are still employed.\n• Liquidated damages and attorney’s fees\no Under Pennsylvania Law\, you are not only entitled to the wages that you are owed but you are also entitled to liquidated damages. Under the law\, liquidated damages are either 25% of the owed wages or $500 whichever is more. \no Under the Fair Labor Standards Act\, liquidated damages are 100% of what you are owed under the act. You can also get attorney’s fees under this law.\no Attorney’s fees must be reasonable\, but they would be feed\n• Protected activity\no Talking about wages among coworkers is a protected activity and they cannot fire/discipline employees for doing so.\n• What about non-payment? i.e.\, when an employee doesn’t receive a paycheck despite working.\no Employees are entitled to all wages for hours worked.\n• Advantages of Pennsylvania wage laws vs federal\no Pennsylvania wage and hour laws are more progressive. Pennsylvania for example does not adhere to a flexible work week. \nSession Agenda: Wage-and-Hour-Summary.pdf \nCLE Hours = 1 Substantive
URL:https://nala.org/event/wage-and-hour-issues/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260415T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260415T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20260306T225956Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260306T225956Z
UID:10000525-1776254400-1776258000@nala.org
SUMMARY:Illuminating Legal Limericks
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\nThis interactive program uses limericks (the last word of which the audience will have to guess) to explore ethics issues involved in lawyers’ practice and their firms. Among other things\, the program will address: unauthorized practice of law and multijurisdictional practice (including the definition of legal practice\, temporary and virtual practice and choice of ethics rules); law firm creation (including law firm names\, hiring\, and non-competes); law firm operation (including paralegals\, trust accounts\, fee sharing\, and file ownership); marketing (including content limitations\, and marketing intrusiveness). \nSession Agenda Upload: Blurb_-Illuminating-Legal-Limericks_-Part-I-Law-Practice_Firms199537653.1.docx \nCLE HOURS = 1 Legal Ethics
URL:https://nala.org/event/illuminating-legal-limericks/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260318T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260318T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20260203T193056Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260203T193056Z
UID:10000479-1773835200-1773838800@nala.org
SUMMARY:Attorney-Client Privilege and Avoiding the Inadvertent Waiver of Privilege
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\nAttorney-Client Privilege is an important legal principle that protects communications between an attorney and their client\, preventing those communications from being disclosed to third parties. This protection ensures that a client can communicate openly\, freely\, and honestly with their legal counsel without fear that the information will be disclosed to others. This presentation will cover: What the attorney-client privilege is\, what it isn’t\, how to avoid waving the privilege\, and considerations once the privilege is waived. Information to be shared during this presentation includes: \n• Attorney-Client Privilege – What is it and why does it matter?\n• Waiver of Privilege – How do clients inadvertently waive privilege and what steps should they take to avoid the inadvertent waiver of privilege?\n• Potential Remedies – What options are there if privilege should be inadvertently waived? Is all lost?\n• Examples – Real life challenges and experiences from the in-house and outside counsel perspective.\n• Questions \n  \nCLE Hours = 1 Legal Ethics
URL:https://nala.org/event/attorney-client-privilege-and-avoiding-the-inadvertent-waiver-of-privilege/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20251119T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20251119T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250729T185039Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250729T185216Z
UID:10000153-1763553600-1763557200@nala.org
SUMMARY:Using Skilled Interpreters
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\n\n\n\nThe presentation dives into the importance of interpreters and translators in the legal industry\, covering everything from best practices\, to regulations\, to overall furthering knowledge of language services/languages.\n\n\n\n\nNon-substantive CLE hours:  1
URL:https://nala.org/event/using-skilled-interpreters/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20251015T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20251015T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250918T132127Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250918T132127Z
UID:10000331-1760529600-1760533200@nala.org
SUMMARY:2025 PPA October CLE - Maintaining Privilege and Ethical Boundaries
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\nMaintaining Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product Protections –\nA Paralegal’s Perspective \n\nSubstantive CLE hours: 1
URL:https://nala.org/event/2025-ppa-october-cle-maintaining-privilege-and-ethical-boundaries/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20250917T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20250917T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250910T142047Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250910T142047Z
UID:10000317-1758110400-1758114000@nala.org
SUMMARY:Forming a DE Corporation vs. LLC – What Matters Most
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\nIn this seminar\, we will explore key aspects of the Delaware General Corporation Law and Delaware LLC Act\, along with the essential filing requirements for both corporation and LLCs. Our focus will include the internal management and structure of stock corporations\, supported by recent case law. We will also examine the internal management framework and formation documents specific to LLCs. Finally\, we will highlight important considerations to help guide the choice between forming a Delaware Corporation or a Delaware LLC. \n\nSubstantive CLE hours: 1
URL:https://nala.org/event/forming-a-de-corporation-vs-llc-what-matters-most-2/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20250917T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20250917T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250718T145455Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250718T145455Z
UID:10000141-1758110400-1758114000@nala.org
SUMMARY:Forming a DE Corporation vs. LLC – What Matters Most
DESCRIPTION:Pittsburgh Paralegal Association\nJoin the PPA for a Corporate Law mini-series. Part two is “Forming a DE Corporation vs. LLC – What Matters Most” presented by Robert McHugh\, Esq. from CT Corporation. \nIn this seminar\, we will explore key aspects of the Delaware General Corporation Law and Delaware LLC Act\, along with the essential filing requirements for both corporation and LLCs. Our focus will include the internal management and structure of stock corporations\, supported by recent case law. We will also examine the internal management framework and formation documents specific to LLCs. Finally\, we will highlight important considerations to help guide the choice between forming a Delaware Corporation or a Delaware LLC. \nRobert McHugh III\, Esq. is a Transactional Business Consultant for CT Corporation. As a UCC and transactional expert for CT’s Mid-West clients\, Rob provides consultation on secured transactions\, due diligence\, entity compliance\, and corporate services. \nPreviously\, as a global business consultant at CT\, he supported global due diligence\, entity formations and dissolutions\, and annual compliance. Rob has extensive experience in international corporate compliance\, assisting Fortune 100 clients with multi-jurisdictional projects. \nHe also worked in investment management compliance\, focusing on offshore fund compliance\, and held FINRA Series 7 and 24 licenses. He is an attorney in Pennsylvania. \n\nSubstantive CLE hours: 1
URL:https://nala.org/event/forming-a-de-corporation-vs-llc-what-matters-most/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Chicago:20250716T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Chicago:20250716T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250421T154048Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250609T184002Z
UID:10000054-1752667200-1752670800@nala.org
SUMMARY:Electronic Era Ethics
DESCRIPTION:  \n  \nCLE hours = 1 Legal Ethics
URL:https://nala.org/event/electronic-era-ethics/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Chicago:20250618T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Chicago:20250618T130000
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250421T153826Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250606T171000Z
UID:10000053-1750248000-1750251600@nala.org
SUMMARY:Surveillance\, The Real Truth
DESCRIPTION:  \n  \nCLE hours = 1 Substantive
URL:https://nala.org/event/surveillance-the-real-truth/
LOCATION:Virtual
CATEGORIES:Affiliated Associations CLE
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250521
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250522
DTSTAMP:20260522T142545
CREATED:20250422T130934Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20250422T130934Z
UID:10000057-1747785600-1747871999@nala.org
SUMMARY:Initial Criminal Proceedings in Federal Court
DESCRIPTION:United States Magistrate Judge Patricia Dodge for part two of PPA’s mini course on criminal law. Judge Dodge will explore and explain the initial criminal proceedings that come before US Magistrate Judges.\n\n\n\n  \nCLE hours = 1 Substantive
URL:https://nala.org/event/initial-criminal-proceedings-in-federal-court/
LOCATION:Virtual
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